Core element.



No. 767,409. PATENTED AUG. 1.6, 1904.

R. AG. JAMES. com ELEMENT.

APPLIGATION FILED 00T. 19. 1903.

will!! Y' 3 y liti/61.160712 OSH/GIZ GeorgeJues UNTTED STATES PatentedAugust 16, 1904.

PATENT OEETEE ONE-HALF TO AMERICUS E.' CALLAHAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CORE ELEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 767,409, dated August16, 1904.

Application led October 19, 1903. Serial No. 177,633. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.'

Be it known that LRoswELL GEORGE JAMES, a citizen of the United States,residing at Louisville, in the county ofJefferson and State F ofKentucky, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in CoreElements, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exactdescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart 1o -of this specification.

My invention relates to cores used in casting pipes and cylinders, andhas for its object the provision of an improved core which may be morereadily and cheaply formed and very i effectively used.

Hitherto in making cores for pipes and cylinders it has been customaryto wrap hay or straw about a core-bar, and upon this foundation acoating of plastic loam was placed,

2o which coating', being dried, constituted the casting-surface to formand define the inner surface of the casting. In this way the porousfoundation for the outer layer of loam is secured, whereby the escape ofgases generated 2 5 in casting is permitted and whereby the core isformed in part of inflammable material that is not initially subject tothe consuming heat of the casting, but to which said consuming heatfinds its way through the outer coating of 3o loam after the pouredmetal has been sufficiently solidified to maintain its set, whereafterthe core-bar may be readily withdrawn and the pipe removed from itsmold, the combustible material having been sufficiently con- 3 5 sumedby the heat to permit the release of the core-bar. To those skilled inthe art it is obvious that many disadvantages are attendant upon the useof this core and the way of producing' it. Among the objections to theprior 4o practice may be mentioned the cost of producing the cores andthe difiic'ulty of forming the layer initially superimposed upon thecorebar with sufiicient rigidity to act as a proper foundation for theenvelop of loam.

In practicing my invention I produce a core of heterogeneous formation,comprising in the preferred embodiment of the invention a corebar madeof iron or other suitable material,

preferably formed hollow and desirably provided with small openings inits substance to act as gas-vents, and a surrounding annular layer ofcombustible material whose particles in the preferred embodiment of theinvention are loose with respect to each other in a comminuted state andwhich may preferably be sawdust, with which may be mixed someV substanceto promote combustion, as resin. I have provided a container of sheetmaterial for this combustible material which itself may or may not becombustible, as preferred, cheese-cloth answering' admirably for coresof smaller size, whereas heavier fabric may be employed for cores of thelarger sizes. Finally, an annular layer or envelop of plastic loam, suchas is now employed, is placed 'about the initial layer produced with theaid of the container.

I consider it to be broadly new with me to coat the core-bar with acombustible substance whether the particles thereof are loose withrespect to each other or otherwise, as in certain plastic compounds thatin themselves will not remain upon the core-bar in proper shape, butwhich require the additivon of my container in being held in place uponthe corebar to effect the formation of the inner layer, about which theouter layer may afterward be placed, and I desire to claim herein as aproduct a core element in which a container is employed for holding theinner layer in position when it is formed and prior to the applicationof the usual plastic loam or other outer coating. I consider it to bebroadly new with me to thus hold a loose layer of combustible materialor material that is disintegrated by destructible hea-t about thecorebar by means of a container, and in certain of the claims herein Ihave used the term loose layer in the sense of a layer of materialsurrounding the core-bar, which layer will not in itself stay in placeupon the core-bar, but which requires the addition of a container tohold the same upon the core-bar in accordance with my invention. Theouter layer may at any suitable time thereafter be formed thereon, and Itherefore claim as a product the core-bar with a layer of material thatmay bc disintegrated by burning surrounding the same and held thereon bymeans of a containcr, irrespective of the time of use and the furthertreatment of this core element. In practice, however, I prefer as aninner layer comminuted substance whose parts are loose with respect toeach other. AI preferably dispose the first annular layer upon thecore-bar by mechanism in which means are included for rotating thecore-bar in journals in which said core-bar is temporarily located,winding a ribbon preferably formed of combustible fabric, ascheese-cloth, upon the core-bar from a rcel, pouring` the comminuted orother material upon this ribbon as it is being passed to the core-bar,which combustible material is thus confined by the spiral wrapping ofthe container, which obviously may be wound about the forming layer ofcombustible material with great firmness to secure a combustible layerthat maybe of g'reat rigidity to act as a sufficient support for theadded coating of loam, yet which is readily sufiiciently destroyed orcollapsed when the molten metal is poured between the core thus formedand the metal has become suiiiciently set, by which time consuming heathas penetrated to th said combustible layer.

I will explain my invention more fully by reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in which-- Figure 1 is an end view, somewhat diagran'imatic 1nnature, showing one type of apparatus that may be employed in making theimproved core. Fig. 2 is a view taken in direction of arrow 2 of Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is a View illustrating' a core-bar with the covering's thereonformed in accordance with the invention, indicated in section, a moldand plastic layer in section being shown in disposition about thecomposite core element. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section, on an enlargedscale, of a longitudinal portion of the core. Fig. 5 is an end section,on an enlarged scale, of the core constructed in accordance with myinvention. Fig. 6 is a view in perspective, illustrating another form ofcontainer that may enter into the improved product.

Lilie parts are indicated by similar characters of reference throughoutthe different iigures.

In the drawings I have illustrated one of many types of mechanism thatmay be employed in carrying out the invention. In the apparatusillustrated there is provided a pair of stationarily-disposed ljournals1 and 2, in which the core-bar 3, of any preferred form, may betemporarily disposed for the purpose of superimposing thereon theannular layer of combustible material. rIhe journal 1 has a displaceablecap 4, which when out of position will permit of the insertion of thecorebar shaft 5 within a recess in the hub 6 of the drivingpulley 7,fixed connection between the said hub and shaft being desirabl yeffected by means of a set-screw 8. On either side and parallel with theaxis of rotation of the corebar is located a stringer 9, supportingrails 10, upon which wheels 11 may run, these wheels being journaledupon bcaring's 12, projecting' downwardly from a platform 13. rIhisplatform 13 is for the sake of clearness of illustration shownconsiderably above'the core-bar 3 and is provided with pillow-blocks 14,affording bearings for the shaft of the reel 15, the said reel carrying'the suitable sheet material, as cheese-cloth 15/ or other fabric, thatis to constitute the container for the combustible material. In thepreferred way of forming the core the container is desirably in the formof a ribbon of suitable width,which is drawn onto the core-bar upon therotation of the said core-bar, the ribbon being' anchored to thecore-bar to secure itsinitial engagement therewith and to force itsremoval from the reel. The ribbon is desirably led over a guiding-idler16, which is mounted upon suitable hangers 17, depending from the lowerside of the platform. These hangers are preferably made in separatesections, slots 18 being' desirably formed in one section, through whichclamping bolts may be passed. In order that the ribbon may be wound uponthe corebar with sufficient tightness, I apply to the shaft of the reelsome braking appliance, as the friction spring-fingers 19. The platformor carrier 13 also desirably supports a chute 20, whosedischarge-opening is'desirably located very near the core-bar. Thehopper or chute is desirably rotatably mounted upon a shaft 20', towhich an arm 2O2 is rigidly secured, this arm being arranged incooperative relation with the segment 2O3 concentric with the shaft andmounted upon the platform, the arm having' a clamping set-screw 20'i forsecuring' it in eng'agement with any selected portion of the segment tomaintain any adjustment that has been effected, thereby determining theelevation of the mouth of the chute above the container as it advancesto the core-bar. The material within the chute may be agitated by apoker or otherwise. The material that is to form the combustible layer205 of the core, such as sawdust, is fed through the chute onto theribbon as it is advanced upon the core-bar. The thickness of thiscombustible layer may be regulated by the rate of iiow of thecombustible material upon the ribbon. The platform is advanced at a ratedesirably having' a fixed ratio to the speed of rotation of thecore-bar, so that the ribbon is spirallywound upon the core-bar at auniform pitch throughout, each spiral turn of the ribbon overlapping thepreviouslyformed spiral, so as to eliminate interstices in thecontainer, through which the combustible material might issue. Thechute, by being' mounted upon the same platform with the reel, obviouslyhas its spout immediately over IIO the portion of the ribbon that isabout to be wound upon the core-bar, so that the combustible material iseffectively disposed between the container and the core-bar.

Obviously other means than those illustrated may be employed forcarrying out the general purpose. of the mechanism shown, and I do not,therefore, wish to be limited to the precise apparatus illustrated.

Another form of container is that illustrated in Fig. 6, where thecombustible material is located in a sack-like structure 2l, this sackand its contents being assembled before its disposition upon thecore-bar, said sack being preferablyr disposed upon the core-bar in aspiral foundation in the case of the ribbon of cheese-cloth. This sackis preferably formed of some combustible fabric, as cheese-cloth. Thecore-bar shown is of the type well known to those skilled in this artand is provided with a number of small vent-holes 22, communicating withthe hollow interior of the core-bar. After the initial layer ofcombustible material has been disposed upon the core bar with the aid ofthe container the layer or envelop 28 of plastic loam is disposed aboutthe combustible layer and afterward dried in an oven. After thecontainer has been placed about the corebar the free end thereof may besuitably anchored in place, as by means of glue or string, to maintainthe combustible layer intact. After the composite core is produced it isplaced within a mold 24, provided in a flask 25, in accordance withwellelnown practice in the art, after the usual coating of plumbago orpipe-facing has been placed upon the core. After the molten metal hasbeen poured into the space between my improved composite core and themold said metal first sets, the outer layer of plastic loam beingsufficiently a non-conductor of heat to prevent the heat from the hotmetal from penetrating in suficient degree to the combustible layer tocausev its disintegration by burning. This layer of plastic loam,however, will ultimately permit the passage of heat to the combustiblematerial in suicient degree to disintegrate the same, but not until themetal has sufriciently set. After the layer of combustible material hasbeen disintegrated the core-bar may be withdrawn and again used.

Some of the comminuted combustible material that I have employed has notresponded to heat as quickly as desired. I therefore prefer to make thecontainer of combustible material, so that if the comminuted material isunusually refractory a discharge thereof will be permitted by thedestruction of the container.

In my application, Serial No. 177,634, filed Getober 19, 1903, I haveclaimed the improved process herein disclosed.

I have herein shown and specifically described the preferred embodimentof my inbustible material, whose particles are loosev with respect toeach other, a container in the form of a ribbon spirally wound about thesaid layer and core-bar whereby the said layer of combustible materialis held in place and an outer envelop surrounding said container4 andlayer substantially as described.

2. A composite core comprising a core-bar surrounded by a layer ofcomminuted combustible material, whose particles are loose with respectto each other, a container wound about the said layer and core-bar,whereby the said layer of combustible material is held in place and anouter envelop surrounding said container and layer substantially asdescribed.

3. A composite core comprising a core-bar surrounded by a layer ofcomminuted combustible material whose particles are loose with respectto each other, a container in the form of a ribbon spirally wound aboutthe said layer and core-bar, whereby the said layer of combustiblematerial is held in place and an outer envelop of plastic loamsurrounding said container and layer, substantially as described.

4. A composite core comprising a core-bar surrounded by a layer ofcomminuted combustible material, whose particles are loose with respectto each other, acontainer Wound about the said layer and corebar,whereby the said layer of combustible material is held in place and anouter envelop of plastic loam `surrounding said container and layer,substantially as described.

A casting-core element comprising a core-bar and a loose layer ofmaterial' to be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding the same,and a container in the form of a ribbon spirally disposed about saidlayer, serving' to hold the same in position upon the core-bar,substantially as described.

6. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar and a loose layer ofmaterial to be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding the sameand a container holding the said layer upon the core-bar, substantiallyas described.

7. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar, a loose layer ofmaterial to be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding thecore-bar, and a ribbon-like container wrapped about the core-bar andsaid layer and holdingl the layer upon the core-bar, substantially asdescribed.

8. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar, a loose layer ofmaterial to be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding IOO IlO

the same, a containerl in the form of a ribbon spirally disposed aboutsaid layer serving to hold the same in position upon the core-bar, andan outer envelop surrounding the container, substantially as described.

9. A casting core element comprising a core-bar, a loose layer ofmaterial to be dis integrated by destructive heat surrounding the same,a container holding the said layer upon the core-bar, and an outerenvelop surrounding the container, substantially as described.

10. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar, a loose layer ofmaterial to be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding thecorebar, a ribbon-like container Wrapped about the core-bar and saidlayer and holding the layer upon the core-bar, and an outer envelopsurrounding the container, substantially as described.

11. A castingcore element comprising a core-bar, a layer of comminutedcombustible material Whose particles are loose with respect to eachother surrounding the same, and a container in the form of a ribbonspirally disposed about said layer, serving to hold the same in positionupon the core-bar, substantially as described.

12. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar, a layer of comminutedcombustible material whose particles are loose with respect to eachother surrounding the same, and a container holding the said layer uponthe core-bar, substantially7 as described.

13. A casting-core element comprising' a core-bar, a layer of comminutedcombustible material whose particles are loose with respect to eachother surrounding the core-bar. and a ribbon-like container Wrappedabout the core-bar and said layer and holding the layer upon thecore-bar, substantially as described.

14. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar and a loose layer ofmaterial to'be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding the same,and a flexible container ofsheet material holding the said layer uponthe corebar, substantially as described.

15. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar and a loose layer ofmaterial to be disintegrated by destructive heat surrounding the same,and a container of sheet material holding the said layer upon thecore-bar, substantially as described.

16. A composite core comprising a core-bar surrounded by a layer ofcomminuted combustible material Whose particles are loose with respectto each other, and a container disposed about said material to hold thesame in place about the core-bar, substantially as described.

17. A casting-core element comprising a core bar, a layer of comminutedmaterial Whose particles are loose with respect to each othersurrounding the same, a container holding the said layer in place aboutthe core-bar, and a coat of refractory material disposed about thecontainer, substantially as described.

18. A casting-core element comprising a core bar, a layer of comminutedmaterial Whose particles are loose with respect to each othersurrounding the same, a container of combustible material holding thesaid layer in place about the core-bar, and a coat of refractorymaterial disposed about the container, substantially as described.

19. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar, a loose layer ofmaterial surrounding the same, a container holding the said layer inplace about the core-bar, and a coat of refractory material disposedabout the container, substantially as described.

20. A casting-core element comprising a core-bar, a loose layer ofmaterial surrounding the same, a container of combustible materialholding the said layer in place about the core-bar, and a coat ofrefractory material disposed about the container, substantially asdescribed.

In witness whereof l hereunto subscribe my name this 17th day ofOctober, A. D. 1903.

ROSW ELL GEORGE JAMES.

VV'tnesses:

Groen L. CRAGG, C. H. CRMWORD.

